Vascular Access Device

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF): These are created by connecting an artery directly to a vein. They’re considered the best option for hemodialysis and come with a lower infection rate than other methods.

Arteriovenous grafts (AVG): These are used when your veins are inadequate for AVF. For example, a vein may be too small, thin or have scarring or blockages. The doctor will place a synthetic tube between the artery and vein to support it.

Central venous catheters: These are inserted directly into large veins in the neck, chest, or groin. They’re often used when immediate access is needed for dialysis. This method typically comes with a higher complication rate than other methods.

Peripheral intravenous (IV) access: This is the most common type of vascular access for short-term use. The catheter is typically inserted in the veins of the hands or arms.

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC): This is inserted in the arm with the tip ending in a central vein. They’re usually used for medium- to long-term treatments.

Implanted ports: These ports are surgically placed under the skin. They’re reserved for long-term use, such as for chemotherapy.

Intraosseous (IO) access: This involves inserting a needle directly into the bone marrow. It’s used in emergencies when other types of access may be challenging or not feasible.